Sources:
3rd grade reading proficiency: Oregon Department of Education, Assessements 2021-22. NOTE: “Economically Disadvantaged Student” percentage is from 2019. The ODE did not collect this data in 2020-22, because all children were given free lunch, the metric used to define this group in the past.
Income: Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2020
Earnings: U.S. Department of Commerce, 2019
Juvenile court system, inmates, and government assistance: https://www.begintoread.com/research/literacystatistics.html
75% of kids who are not proficient in 3rd-grade will never reach proficiency in future grades: https://www.idaontario.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/EAB-2019-Narrowing-the-Third-Grade-Reading-Gap_research-briefing.pdf
Link between high school graduation rates and struggling to read: https://assets.aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/AECF-Early_Warning_Full_Report-2010.pdf